kitobingni

Kitobingni is a grammatical form in Uzbek that translates to “your book” when used as a definite direct object. It is formed by attaching the noun kitob (book) with the second-person possessive suffix -ing and the definite direct object suffix -ni. The resulting sequence is kitob + ing + ni, and it functions as a single noun phrase in a sentence.

Morphology and variants: In Uzbek, possessive suffixes attach to the noun before the case or object markers. The form kitobingni signals that the book belongs to the interlocutor in informal address and is the object of the verb. For formal or plural address, the possessive suffix changes to -ingiz, yielding kitobingizni, which also marks the book as the definite object. Both forms are common, with kitobingni used in casual speech and kitobingizni in formal contexts.

Usage: Kitobingni o‘qidim means “I read your book,” with o‘qidim as the past tense of “to read.” Kitobingizni o‘qing means “Please read your book” or “Read your book” in a polite command. The ni suffix marks the direct object, requiring a transitive verb. The phrase is typically used when the speaker and listener know which specific book is being discussed.

Context and note: Uzbek is an agglutinative language, so suffixes combine to convey possession and grammatical function without extra words. Kitobingni is a standard, neutral expression and can appear in everyday speech, literature, and instruction, reflecting the language’s clear alignment of possession, definiteness, and object marking.