kiirendanud

Kiirendanud is the past active participle of the Estonian verb kiirendada, meaning to speed up or to accelerate. In English it corresponds roughly to “having accelerated” or “accelerating,” depending on the context. As a participle, kiirendanud can describe a noun or form part of a verb phrase with auxiliary be or have, expressing a completed action performed by the subject.

Etymology and form: The word comes from kiirenda, the infinitive meaning to speed up. The stem kiirend- combines with the participial suffix -anud to yield kiirendanud. This suffix pattern is typical for Estonian past active participles and allows kiirendanud to function like an adjective or a non-finite verb form.

Usage: Kiirendanud is used in attributive position to describe a noun (the measures or process that have accelerated) or in periphrastic constructions with auxiliary verbs to indicate completed action. Examples include ta on kiirendanud protsessi (he has accelerated the process) and kiirendanud meetmed on osutunud tõhusaks (accelerated measures have proven effective). The form agrees with the noun in person, number, and case when used attributively, and can be inflected in the same way as other participial adjectives.

Related forms: kiirendada (to accelerate), kiirendamine (the act of accelerating), kiirendatud (accelerated, the passive past participle). The pair kiirendanud and kiirendatud cover active and passive aspects of acceleration in Estonian grammar.

See also: Estonian verbs of movement and speed, Estonian participles, contrastive usage of active and passive participles in Estonian.