khaniqah

A khaniqah, also spelled khanqah or khangah, is a type of religious building associated with Sufism. It is often translated as a monastery, hospice, or hostel, and its primary function was to serve as a center for Sufi disciples and their shaykh (spiritual teacher). These establishments provided a place for spiritual retreats, communal living, and the practice of devotional exercises such as dhikr (remembrance of God).

Khaniqahs were typically found in urban centers and often served a charitable purpose, offering food and shelter to travelers, the poor, and the needy. They could range from simple structures to elaborate complexes that included living quarters, prayer halls, kitchens, and sometimes even libraries and lecture rooms. The architectural style of khaniqahs varied widely depending on the region and historical period, but they often featured a central courtyard.

The origins of the khaniqah can be traced back to the early Islamic period, with their widespread development occurring during the medieval era. They played a significant role in the dissemination of Sufi thought and practice across the Islamic world. While the specific functions and importance of khaniqahs have evolved over time, they remain an integral part of Sufi tradition and continue to exist in various forms in many Muslim communities today.