kezformák

Kezformák, or hand shapes, refer to the specific configurations of the hand used in communication, gesture, and related fields. In sign languages, a kezforma is a fundamental phonological parameter, along with movement and location, that helps distinguish signs. The handshape defines the shape of the hand when forming a sign and, together with movement and orientation, contributes to lexical and grammatical meaning. Sign-language dictionaries classify signs partly by handshape, and the inventory of available handshapes is language-specific; some languages use a large variety of configurations, while others rely on a smaller set.

Beyond sign languages, kezformák are studied in anatomy and biomechanics for purposes such as ergonomics, rehabilitation, and the assessment of grip and dexterity. In the performing arts, mime and dance, hand shapes convey meaning and emotion and are choreographed to support narrative or expression. In technology, researchers and designers use handshape data in gesture recognition systems, enabling human–computer interaction, virtual reality, and robotics.

Commonly recognized handshapes include configurations such as an open palm, a flat hand, a fist, or a pointing gesture, among many others. However, many signs rely not only on the handshape but also on orientation, placement, and the movement of the hand, which can alter or add to the sign’s meaning.

Variations in kezformák arise across cultures, individuals, and ages, and education or translation work relies on standardized descriptions and visual demonstrations. The concept intersects with fingerspelling in sign languages, where alphabetic handshapes are used to spell words. Overall, kezformák are central to the structure of sign languages and to broader studies of gesture, hand biomechanics, and human–computer interaction.