ketonefunctional

Ketones are organic compounds that contain a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to two other carbon atoms. They are classified as functional groups and are characterized by the presence of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom, with the carbon atom also bonded to two other carbon atoms. Ketones are a subclass of aldehydes and ketones, which also include aldehydes. The general formula for ketones is R-CO-R', where R and R' represent alkyl or aryl groups.

Ketones are commonly found in nature and are often produced by living organisms as part of their metabolic processes. They are also synthesized industrially for various applications, including as solvents, in the production of plastics, and as intermediates in the synthesis of other chemicals. Some common examples of ketones include acetone, which is used as a solvent and in the production of plastics, and methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), which is used as a solvent in the production of paints and adhesives.

Ketones can be identified by their characteristic IR spectrum, which shows a strong absorption band in the region of 1700-1720 cm-1. They can also be identified by their characteristic NMR spectrum, which shows a singlet peak in the region of 2.0-2.5 ppm for the methyl protons and a multiplet peak in the region of 2.5-3.0 ppm for the methylene protons.

Ketones are generally more reactive than aldehydes due to the presence of the two carbon atoms bonded to the carbonyl group. This increased reactivity makes ketones useful in a variety of chemical reactions, including oxidation, reduction, and nucleophilic addition reactions. However, ketones are also more stable than aldehydes, which makes them useful in a variety of applications where stability is important.