keskiarvossa

Keskiarvossa is the inessive singular form of the Finnish noun keskiarvo, which means the arithmetic mean. In Finnish grammar, the ending -ssa marks location “in” or “inside,” so keskiarvossa translates roughly as “in the mean” or “at the mean” and is used to describe a position relative to the mean value in a sentence.

In statistics, keskiarvo refers to a measure of central tendency that summarizes a data set with a single value. The arithmetic mean of a set of n observations x1, x2, ..., xn is calculated as (x1 + x2 + ... + xn) / n. For a population, the mean mu is (1/N) sum X_i. The mean is the value that minimizes the sum of squared deviations from the data.

The form keskiarvossa is commonly used in Finnish texts to discuss data that relate to the mean, for example statements about where observations lie in relation to the mean or about values that equal or fall near the mean. Example sentences might include: “Havainnot ovat keskiarvossa” or “Tulokset ovat keskiarvossa 15.”

Limitations of the mean as a summary statistic include its sensitivity to outliers and its non-robustness for skewed distributions. In such cases, other measures of central tendency, like the median, may be more informative. Keskiarvo is one of several related concepts, including keskimääräinen arvo and various forms used in different statistical and mathematical contexts.

Grammar note: keskiarvo forms include keskiarvon (genitive), keskiarvossa (inessive), keskiarvoon (illative), and others, reflecting standard Finnish noun inflection.