kaustískt

Kaustískt is a term of Greek origin, meaning "burning" or "caustic." In a chemical context, it refers to substances that are highly corrosive and can cause severe damage to living tissue and other materials through chemical reactions. These substances typically have a high pH value, indicating they are alkaline (or basic).

The most common examples of caustic substances are strong bases like sodium hydroxide (lye) and potassium hydroxide. These are widely used in industrial processes such as soap manufacturing, paper production, and drain cleaning. When in contact with skin, caustic substances can saponify fats, leading to deep and painful burns that may take a long time to heal. Eye contact can be particularly dangerous, potentially causing permanent blindness.

Beyond strong bases, some strong acids can also exhibit caustic properties due to their ability to dehydrate and oxidize organic matter. However, the term "caustic" is more frequently associated with alkaline substances. Proper handling, storage, and protective measures, including gloves, eye protection, and appropriate ventilation, are essential when working with caustic chemicals. Neutralization is often employed to render them less hazardous, typically by adding an acid to a base or vice versa until a neutral pH is reached. The term can also be used metaphorically to describe something sharply critical or sarcastic.