kaularanka

The kaularanka, also known as the cervical spine, refers to the uppermost section of the vertebral column in vertebrates. It comprises the seven vertebrae located in the neck, connecting the skull to the thoracic spine. These vertebrae are uniquely structured to support the head and facilitate its extensive range of motion.

The first two cervical vertebrae have specialized names and functions. The atlas, or C1, articulates directly with the occipital bone of the skull, allowing for nodding movements. The axis, or C2, features a prominent projection called the odontoid process (dens), which acts as a pivot for the atlas, enabling rotational movements of the head. The remaining five cervical vertebrae, C3 through C7, are more typical in their structure, with smaller bodies and larger, triangular vertebral foramen.

The cervical spine houses the spinal cord, which transmits nerve signals between the brain and the rest of the body. It also contains various muscles, ligaments, and blood vessels essential for neck function and support. Due to its exposed location and the crucial role it plays in head movement and spinal cord protection, the kaularanka is susceptible to injuries, ranging from minor strains to severe fractures, which can have significant neurological consequences. Conditions affecting the cervical spine include herniated discs, degenerative disc disease, and spinal stenosis.