kaua

Kaua is a Māori word that functions as a negative imperative particle, meaning "do not" or "not allowed." It is used to express prohibitions in both spoken and written Māori. In typical constructions, kaua precedes the verb or verb phrase, signaling that the action should not be performed. It is widely used across dialects and in contemporary language, appearing in everyday conversation, literature, and public signage.

In Māori grammar, kaua is part of the broader system of mood and modality particles that convey prohibitions, permissions, or warnings. When paired with different verbs and time words, it can help specify the scope and context of the prohibition, such as what should be avoided and under what circumstances. The exact phrasing and emphasis can vary with the speaker and context.

Across New Zealand, kaua is taught in language classes and appears in educational resources to help learners understand how to express prohibitions clearly and correctly. It is a common feature of everyday speech as well as formal writing, including informational signage and public communication, reflecting its role in maintaining clear and respectful instruction or guidance.

Etymology and related notes: Kaua is native to Māori and reflects the language’s rich system of mood and imperative particles. It should not be confused with unrelated terms in other languages that happen to share a similar spelling. See also Maori language, Polynesian languages.