karstfenomen

Karstfenomen refers to a landscape formed from the dissolution of soluble rocks such as limestone, dolomite, and gypsum. This process, known as karstification, is driven by slightly acidic rainwater. As water percolates through cracks and fissures in the rock, it slowly erodes and enlarges these openings, creating underground drainage systems.

Key features of karst landscapes include sinkholes, which are depressions in the ground formed when the roof of an underground cave collapses or when dissolution at the surface causes subsidence. Caves are another prominent characteristic, forming extensive networks of passages, chambers, and stalactites and stalagmites. Underground rivers and disappearing streams are also common, as surface water often flows into the karst system and re-emerges elsewhere. Dry valleys can also be found, representing former riverbeds that have been abandoned due to the development of underground drainage.

Karst topography is found in many regions worldwide, with notable examples in the Mediterranean, Southeast Asia, and parts of North America. The unique hydrological properties of karst areas can pose challenges for water management and construction, as surface water can be unpredictable and underground cavities can affect stability. However, karst landscapes also support rich biodiversity and are often significant for tourism due to their scenic beauty and geological interest.