kardioselektiivisiä

Kardioselektiivisyys refers to a pharmacological property, primarily associated with certain beta-blocker medications. A drug is considered cardioselective if it preferentially binds to and blocks beta-1 adrenergic receptors, which are predominantly found in the heart. This contrasts with non-selective beta-blockers, which block both beta-1 and beta-2 adrenergic receptors. Beta-2 receptors are located in other tissues, such as the lungs and blood vessels.

The therapeutic advantage of cardioselectivity lies in its potential to reduce side effects. By targeting beta-1 receptors, cardioselective beta-blockers can effectively lower heart rate and blood pressure, which are beneficial in treating conditions like hypertension, angina, and certain arrhythmias. However, they are less likely to cause bronchoconstriction in individuals with asthma or other respiratory conditions, a common adverse effect of non-selective beta-blockers due to their action on beta-2 receptors in the airways. Similarly, they may have a reduced impact on peripheral blood flow compared to their non-selective counterparts.

Despite the term "cardioselective," it's important to note that this selectivity is relative and can be lost at higher doses. At sufficiently high concentrations, even a "cardioselective" beta-blocker may begin to affect beta-2 receptors. Therefore, caution is still advised when prescribing these medications, especially in patients with severe respiratory diseases. Common examples of cardioselective beta-blockers include atenolol, metoprolol, and bisoprolol. Their use is guided by patient-specific factors and the desired therapeutic outcome.