karbonylryhmän

The term "karbonylryhmän" refers to the carbonyl group, a functional group in organic chemistry. It consists of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom (C=O). This simple but powerful structure is found in a wide variety of organic compounds, influencing their chemical and physical properties significantly.

The carbonyl group is highly polar due to the electronegativity of the oxygen atom. This polarity makes the carbon atom electrophilic, meaning it is susceptible to attack by nucleophiles (electron-rich species). This electrophilicity is the basis for many characteristic reactions of carbonyl-containing compounds, such as nucleophilic addition.

Key classes of organic compounds featuring the carbonyl group include aldehydes (where the carbonyl carbon is bonded to at least one hydrogen atom) and ketones (where the carbonyl carbon is bonded to two other carbon atoms). Carboxylic acids, esters, amides, and acid halides also contain the carbonyl group, though it is bonded to other atoms that modify its reactivity. The presence and context of the carbonyl group are central to understanding the behavior and classifications of these diverse organic molecules.