karakterkódolásokat

Karakterkódolások refer to systems that assign a unique numerical value to each character, enabling computers to process and display text. These systems are crucial for representing characters from various languages and symbols in a digital format. Different character encodings exist, each with its own set of rules and character coverage.

One of the earliest and most widely used character encodings was ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange). ASCII uses 7 bits to represent 128 characters, primarily for English letters, numbers, and punctuation. Extended ASCII variants use 8 bits, allowing for an additional 128 characters, often including accented letters and special symbols.

As the need arose to represent a broader range of characters from different languages, more comprehensive encodings were developed. Unicode is the modern standard, aiming to provide a unique number for every character, regardless of platform, program, or language. Unicode assigns a code point to each character. To store these code points efficiently, various encoding forms are used, such as UTF-8, UTF-16, and UTF-32.

UTF-8 is particularly popular due to its backward compatibility with ASCII and its efficient representation of common characters. It uses a variable number of bytes to encode characters, making it space-saving for Western languages while still supporting the full range of Unicode characters. Other encodings like UTF-16 and UTF-32 use fixed byte lengths, which can be simpler for some applications but may consume more space. The choice of character encoding can impact file size, compatibility between systems, and the correct display of text.