karaita

Karaite Judaism is a denomination of Judaism that rejects the oral law and rabbinic traditions as interpreted by the Rabbinites, adhering strictly to the Tanakh (Hebrew Bible) as the sole source of Jewish law and theology. The name "Karaite" derives from the Hebrew word "kara" (קרא), meaning "to read" or "to recite," emphasizing their focus on the literal reading of the biblical text.

Historically, Karaite Judaism emerged in the 8th century CE in the Abbasid Caliphate, likely in Baghdad. Early figures like Anan ben David are traditionally associated with its founding, though the exact origins are debated. Karaite communities developed across the Middle East, North Africa, Eastern Europe, and even in Spain. They developed their own traditions for interpreting scripture, legal codes, and calendar systems, often differing significantly from Rabbinic Judaism on matters of practice, such as Sabbath observance, dietary laws, and holidays.

While Rabbinic Judaism became the dominant form of Judaism, Karaism has persisted through the centuries, albeit with declining numbers. Today, Karaite communities are found in Israel, the United States, and some parts of Europe. Modern Karaites continue to maintain their distinct religious practices and beliefs, emphasizing the centrality of the Torah and its direct interpretation. The relationship between Karaite and Rabbinic Judaism has historically been complex, marked by both theological debate and periods of coexistence.