kapillaarikierto

Kapillaarikierto refers to the system of capillaries within the circulatory system. Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels, forming a dense network that connects arterioles and venules. Their primary function is to facilitate the exchange of substances between the blood and the surrounding tissues. This exchange includes the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to cells and the removal of carbon dioxide and metabolic waste products. The thin walls of capillaries, typically a single layer of endothelial cells, are ideal for this diffusion process.

The sheer number and extensive network of capillaries mean that virtually every cell in the body is in close proximity to a capillary. This widespread distribution ensures efficient transport and waste removal throughout the body. Blood flow through the capillaries is relatively slow, which allows sufficient time for effective exchange. This slow flow is regulated by precapillary sphincters, which can control the amount of blood entering specific capillary beds based on the metabolic needs of the tissues.

Diseases or conditions that affect capillary function can have significant systemic consequences. For example, inflammation can increase capillary permeability, leading to swelling. Conditions like diabetes can damage capillaries, leading to impaired nutrient delivery and waste removal, affecting organs such as the eyes and kidneys. Understanding the kapillaarikierto is crucial for comprehending overall physiological function and the pathophysiology of various diseases.