kapacitáskihasználást

Kapacitáskihasználás refers to the degree to which a company or organization utilizes its available production capacity. It is a key performance indicator that measures the output of a firm relative to its potential output. A high capacity utilization rate generally indicates that a company is operating efficiently and making the most of its resources, while a low rate may suggest underutilization, potential overcapacity, or insufficient demand.

Calculating capacity utilization typically involves comparing actual production output with the maximum possible output. The formula is often expressed as (Actual Output / Potential Output) * 100%. The definition of "potential output" can vary, sometimes referring to theoretical maximum output, practical maximum output (considering planned maintenance and downtime), or even target output levels.

Understanding capacity utilization is crucial for several reasons. It impacts profitability, as fixed costs are spread over a larger volume of production when utilization is high, leading to lower unit costs. It also informs decisions about investment, pricing, and resource allocation. Managers use this metric to identify bottlenecks, assess the need for expansion or contraction, and gauge market demand.

Factors influencing capacity utilization include market demand, operational efficiency, planned and unplanned downtime, and strategic decisions about production levels. A consistently low utilization rate can signal a need to address issues such as outdated equipment, inefficient processes, or a mismatch between production capacity and market needs. Conversely, consistently high utilization might indicate a need for capacity expansion to meet growing demand and avoid lost sales.