kalvoille

Kalvoille is a Finnish plural allative form of the noun kalvo, meaning membranes or thin films. The base word kalvo refers to a thin sheet, layer, or barrier, such as a cellular membrane or a synthetic film. Kalvoille specifically denotes movement toward or deposition on multiple membranes.

In Finnish grammar, the allative case marks direction toward or onto something. Kalvoille appears with plural stems and is used in contexts discussing interactions with membranes, films, or barriers in fields such as biology, chemistry, and materials science. The form signals that the action is directed at the membranes as a group rather than a single membrane.

Examples illustrate typical usage. Lääkeaine toimitettiin kalvoille. (The drug was delivered to the membranes.) Solukalvoille kiinnittyminen on tärkeä vaihe solujen toiminnassa. (Attachment to cell membranes is an important step in cellular function.) Pinnoite levitettiin kalvoille. (The coating was applied to the membranes.)

Kalvoille is not a standalone concept in English; it is a grammatical form used within Finnish to express direction toward multiple membranes or films. Related terms include kalvo (membrane or film) and solukalvo (cell membrane). In bilingual or technical writing, kalvoille is typically translated by the appropriate prepositional phrase in the target language, such as “to the membranes” or “onto the membranes,” depending on context.