kalciummetabolismstörningar

Calcium metabolism refers to the complex processes by which the body absorbs, transports, utilizes, and excretes calcium. Calcium is an essential mineral, playing a critical role in bone and teeth structure, muscle contraction, nerve function, and blood clotting. The majority of the body's calcium is stored in bones and teeth, with a small but vital amount circulating in the blood and extracellular fluid.

The regulation of calcium levels is tightly controlled by several hormones, primarily parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcitonin, and vitamin D. When blood calcium levels drop, PTH is released, stimulating the release of calcium from bones, increasing calcium reabsorption in the kidneys, and promoting vitamin D activation in the kidneys. Activated vitamin D, in turn, enhances calcium absorption from the intestines. Conversely, high blood calcium levels can trigger the release of calcitonin, which acts to lower calcium by inhibiting bone resorption and increasing calcium excretion by the kidneys.

Dietary intake is the primary source of calcium. Absorption occurs mainly in the small intestine and is influenced by factors like vitamin D status, age, and the presence of certain dietary components. Excretion of excess calcium primarily occurs through the kidneys in urine, with a smaller amount lost in feces and sweat. Imbalances in calcium metabolism can lead to various health issues, including osteoporosis, kidney stones, and muscle cramps.