kaapeli

A cable, in Finnish kaapeli, is a flexible assembly of one or more electrical conductors used to transmit power, signals, or data. It typically features a conductive core of copper or aluminum, insulated with polymer materials, and an outer jacket. Some designs also include shielding, armor, or strength members.

Categories reflect function: electrical power cables carry voltage for distribution; control and instrumentation cables are used in buildings and plants; coaxial and twisted-pair cables serve communications; fiber-optic cables handle high-speed data. Special variants exist for underground, aerial, or submarine deployment.

Construction varies by type. Power cables may have insulation rated for voltage and temperature, together with shielding or armor. Communication cables use insulation and shielding for signal integrity, while fiber-optic cables rely on glass or plastic fibers with protective jackets.

Standards and safety: cable design and installation follow international standards such as IEC and various industry codes. Specifications cover voltage and temperature ratings, insulation thickness, and fire performance. Proper termination and verification are essential to ensure safety and performance.

History: cables have enabled electricity and communications since the 19th century, evolving from simple insulated wires to armored power cables and sophisticated fiber-optic systems for data networks.