kórosak

Károsak is the Hungarian predicative plural form of the adjective káros, meaning harmful or injurious. It is used when the subject of a sentence is plural and describes multiple factors, effects, or agents as being harmful to something, most commonly health, the environment, or safety. For example: "A hatások károsak az egészségre" (The effects are harmful to health) and "A zajok és rezgések károsak a környezetre" (The noises and vibrations are harmful to the environment).

Grammar and usage: In Hungarian, adjectives used predicatively agree with the subject in number. The form károsak is the plural predicative form; singular would be káros (for example, "Ez a hatás káros." The attributive form before a plural noun is usually káros, as in "káros anyagok" (harmful substances). The predicative plural form károsak appears after a linking verb or copula, as in "A hatások károsak."

Etymology and nuance: The word derives from káros, meaning harmful. The suffix -ak marks plural in predicative position. It is common in formal or scientific language when discussing multiple harmful factors, substances, or effects. Synonyms include ártalmas and kártékony; káros tends to be neutral, ártalmas can imply greater hazard, and kártékony often carries a sense of intentional or particularly malicious harm.

Contexts: Károsak is frequently used in public health, environmental policy, and safety discussions. It can describe multiple harmful effects or agents, such as pollutants, stressors, or regulatory risks, and is often paired with a prepositional phrase indicating what is harmed, for example "károsak az egészségre" or "károsak a környezetre."