jõulise

Jõulise is the genitive singular form of the Estonian adjective jõuline, meaning “powerful,” “vigorous,” or “strong.” Jõuline describes physical strength, force, or a strong will, and is used to characterize people, objects, or actions that display such quality. The word is related to jõud, meaning power, and is formed with the common suffix -line to create the adjective jõuline.

Grammatical notes: In Estonian, adjectives agree with the noun they modify in case and number. Therefore, while the nominative singular form is jõuline, the genitive singular form is jõulise. The genitive plural form is jõuliste. Jõulise appears in front of a noun or in compound phrases where the noun is in a genitive relationship, such as in descriptive constructions.

Usage examples: A common phrase is jõulise iseloomuga inimene, meaning “a person of strong character.” Another example is jõulise stiiliga, meaning “in a powerful style.” In everyday speech, the genitive form jõulise is primarily encountered in formal, literary, or descriptive contexts rather than in casual conversation.

See also: jõuline, jõuliselt, iseloomuga.