jäädessään

Jäädessään is a Finnish adverbial participle formed from the verb jäädä, meaning to stay or remain. It expresses a circumstance of the action in the main clause, typically indicating simultaneity in time or a conditional situation. The form is non-finite and carries a third-person possessive suffix, which marks the subject of the subordinate clause. In ordinary sentences the subject of the subordinate clause is usually the same as the subject of the main clause.

In usage, jäädessään is most common in written Finnish and in formal or literary narration. It can be translated roughly as "while remaining," "being left," or "as he/she/they remained," depending on context. It introduces a subordinate clause that provides background or context for the main action, and it often appears at the beginning of a sentence or clause to set the scene.

Examples:

- Jäädessään yksin, hän mietti tulevaa. Translation: Being left alone, he thought about what was to come.

- Jäädessään kotiin, hän sai kuulla uutiset. Translation: While staying at home, he heard the news.

Notes:

The form signals that the subordinate clause’s subject aligns with the main-clause subject, and it is more typical in narrative prose than in casual spoken Finnish. It offers a concise way to express concurrent actions or conditions without introducing a separate finite clause.