jätevesikaivo

Jätevesikaivo, often translated as wastewater well or septic tank, is a fundamental component of on-site wastewater treatment systems. These systems are commonly used in areas not connected to municipal sewer networks, such as rural homes or remote properties. The primary function of a jätevesikaivo is to collect and treat household wastewater before it is discharged into the environment.

Typically, a jätevesikaivo is an underground container, often made of concrete, plastic, or fiberglass. Wastewater from toilets, sinks, showers, and laundry flows into the tank. Inside, solid waste settles to the bottom, forming sludge, while lighter materials like grease and oils float to the top, creating a scum layer. The liquid wastewater in the middle, known as effluent, is then partially treated through anaerobic digestion, where bacteria break down some of the organic matter.

Following this primary treatment within the tank, the effluent is usually directed to a secondary treatment stage, which can vary. Common methods include a leach field or soil absorption system, where the effluent is slowly filtered through the soil, allowing further purification by microorganisms. In some cases, more advanced treatment systems might be employed to achieve a higher level of purification. Regular maintenance, including periodic pumping of accumulated sludge and scum, is essential to ensure the effective and hygienic operation of a jätevesikaivo and to prevent system failure and environmental pollution.