jumped

Jumped is the past tense and past participle of the verb jump. Jump denotes an action in which a person or thing propels itself upward or forward from a surface, or moves suddenly or abruptly. The form jumped marks completed action in the past and is used with auxiliary verbs in perfect tenses (for example, I have jumped over the hurdle).

Jump is a versatile verb used both intransitively and transitively. Intransitive use: The cat jumped. Transitive use: She jumped the fence. English forms the past tense regularly with the suffix -ed, so the past tense is jumped, and the present participle is jumping, used for ongoing actions and as a gerund. The past participle is also jumped, allowing passive constructions (The fence was jumped by the horse).

Common collocations and phrases involve jump-related expressions such as jump to conclusions, jump the gun, jump start, and jump rope. In sports and athletics, terms like high jump and long jump describe events centered on the act of jumping.

Etymology and history: The verb jump has been part of English since the Middle English period. Its exact origins are uncertain, but it belongs to the broader Germanic language family and has cognates in related languages.

See also: Jump (verb); Jumping; High jump; Long jump; Jump rope.