julgustades

Julgustades is an Estonian non-finite verb form (gerund) derived from the verb julgustama, meaning to encourage or embolden. It belongs to the class of adverbial participles and is used to express manner, accompaniment, or a concurrent action within a sentence.

Grammatically, julgustades is formed with the stem of julgustama plus the suffix des, producing a form that behaves like an adverbial modifier. It does not mark tense on its own; its temporal reading comes from the surrounding context. The form can introduce a clause that accompanies the main action, or it can attach to the main clause to convey the way in which something is done. In translations, it often corresponds to English phrases such as "encouraging" or "by encouraging."

Usage notes: julgustades commonly appears before or after the main clause, often separated by a comma in written Estonian when used mid-sentence. It can modify actions directly or accompany other verbs with an implied object (for example, when encouraging someone to undertake a subsequent action). It is distinct from finite verb forms and from adjectives derived from julgustama, though related in meaning.

Examples:

- Ta naeratas, julgustades mind jätkama. (She smiled, encouraging me to continue.)

- Julgustades kogu meeskonda, avasid nad uksed uutele ideedele. (Encouraging the whole team, they opened doors to new ideas.)

See also: Estonian gerunds and adverbial participles; julgustama.

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