jugado

Jugado is the past participle of the Spanish verb jugar, meaning to play. In grammar, it is primarily used to form perfect tenses with the auxiliary haber (he jugado, has jugado, ha jugado, hemos jugado, han jugado). It can also function as an adjective to indicate that something has been played or engaged in a game, though more specific nouns such as jugada or partida are often preferred in everyday language.

Etymology: jugado derives from the verb jugar, whose roots trace back to the Latin word iocus (joke, play) via Old French jouer. Related forms include jugador (player) and jugada (move, play, tactic) in sport and games.

Usage notes: As a past participle, jugado agrees with the subject when used adjectivally in compound tenses, and its primary role is to accompany haber to express completed actions. While it can appear in phrases like “partido jugado” (a game that has been played) or “pieza jugada” (a played piece), many contexts prefer the nouns partido/partida or jugada to convey those ideas more precisely. In standard prose, jugado is not commonly used as a standalone verb form beyond the periphrastic tenses.

Varieties: In Portuguese, the equivalent participle is jogado, reflecting a shared Romance heritage. In other Iberian languages, orthography and usage differ accordingly.

See also: jugar, jugador, jugada, partida, participio pasado.