jousivakio

Jousivakio is the Finnish term for the spring constant, a parameter that describes the stiffness of a spring. In physics, it is the proportionality factor in Hooke's law for an ideal linear spring, expressed as F = -k x, where F is the restoring force, x is the displacement from the spring's equilibrium length, and k is the spring constant. The SI unit of jousivakio is newtons per meter (N/m). For a given spring operating within its elastic limit, k is approximately constant; beyond that limit the relationship may become nonlinear or the spring may deform irreversibly.

The spring constant also determines the potential energy stored in a spring, U = 1/2 k x^2. In a simple mass–spring system, the equation of motion is m d^2x/dt^2 + k x = 0 (in the absence of damping). The natural angular frequency is ω = sqrt(k/m), and the ordinary frequency is f = ω/(2π). In real systems, damping and external forces alter this behavior.

k depends on material properties and geometry. For a straightforward rod used as a spring, k = E A / L, where E is Young's modulus, A is cross-sectional area, and L is length. For coil springs, k is influenced by wire diameter, coil diameter, number of active coils, material, and end conditions, and precise formulas reflect those factors.

Applications of jousivakio span engineering and science, including vibration isolation, timekeeping, mechanical sensing, and load-bearing components. Understanding the spring constant is essential for designing springs, calibrating instruments, and predicting the dynamic response of systems. See also Hooke's law, oscillator, spring constant.