jatakas

Jatakas are a genre of literature originating in India that describe the previous births of the Buddha. These stories are a central part of Buddhist tradition, illustrating the Buddha's journey through countless lives, accumulating merit and wisdom. Each Jataka tale typically recounts an episode from a past existence, portraying the bodhisattva (the being destined to become a Buddha) in various forms, from animals to humans, and even divine beings.

These narratives are not merely biographical accounts but are didactic, serving to teach moral and ethical lessons. They often highlight virtues such as generosity, compassion, patience, and truthfulness, demonstrating how these qualities are developed over many lifetimes. The Jatakas provide a framework for understanding the Buddhist concept of karma, showing how actions in one life influence future existences.

The oldest extant collection of Jatakas is the Pali Jataka. This collection contains over 500 stories, though many are quite short. The Jatakas have been influential in the art and literature of many Buddhist cultures across Asia, including India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Cambodia. They are often depicted in temple murals, sculptures, and illuminated manuscripts, serving as visual reminders of the Buddha's long path to enlightenment. The stories are diverse, ranging from simple fables to more complex narratives, but all ultimately point towards the eventual attainment of Buddhahood.