jarðolíu

Jarðolía, commonly known as petroleum or crude oil, is a naturally occurring, yellowish-black liquid found in geological formations beneath the Earth's surface. It is a fossil fuel formed over millions of years from the remains of ancient organisms, primarily plankton and algae, subjected to intense heat and pressure. This complex mixture primarily consists of hydrocarbons, with varying amounts of other organic compounds containing sulfur, nitrogen, and oxygen.

The extraction of jarðolía involves drilling into underground reservoirs. Once extracted, it undergoes a process called refining, where it is heated and separated into different components based on their boiling points. These refined products include gasoline, diesel fuel, kerosene, jet fuel, and lubricating oils, as well as raw materials for the petrochemical industry, such as plastics and synthetic fibers.

Jarðolía is a vital energy source globally, powering transportation, heating homes, and driving industrial processes. Its widespread use has significantly shaped modern economies and lifestyles. However, its combustion releases greenhouse gases, contributing to climate change, and its extraction and transportation carry risks of environmental pollution. Consequently, there is ongoing research and development into alternative energy sources and more sustainable practices.