janak

Janak is a name associated with figures in South Asian history and literature, most prominently with the mythic king Janaka of Videha. He is linked to the ancient Mithila region, spanning parts of present-day northern India and southern Nepal. In Hindu epic and later texts, Janaka is portrayed as a wise and prosperous ruler who governed according to dharma, renowned for generosity, learning, and spiritual insight. He is often depicted as a philosopher-king who balanced worldly governance with contemplative life.

Janak is best known as the father of Sita, who becomes the wife of Rama in the Ramayana. According to the narrative, he organized Sita’s svayamvara, a ceremonial contest to win her hand in marriage. The challenge involved signaling strength and virtue through the lifting and stringing of the great bow of the god Shiva; Rama succeeds, and the marriage is arranged with Janak and his queen.

The name Janak itself is Sanskrit in origin, commonly interpreted as meaning “producer” or “father.” Beyond the mythic king, Janak appears as a given name in various South Asian communities. The city of Janakpur in the Mithila region of Nepal is traditionally linked to King Janaka and serves as an important cultural and religious center in the area.