jaanipäev

Jaanipäev, or St. John’s Day in Estonia, is a traditional midsummer festival that marks the height of summer. The celebrations take place on the eve of St. John’s Day, Jaaniõhtu, on 23 June, and continue on Jaanipäev, 24 June. The holiday has both ancient folk roots and Christian associations, and it remains one of the country’s most prominent summer festivities.

Central to Jaanipäev are bonfires, which are lit in many towns and villages and near shorelines. People gather to sing, dance, and share meals; in rural areas bonfires are often the focal point of evening recreation. It is common to jump over the flames for luck. In addition, many people visit the countryside or beaches, and sauna visits are part of the tradition. Flower garlands or herbs are sometimes collected for decorations or believed to bring health and luck.

Modern observance in Estonia is nationwide, though the scale and style vary—from village feasts with traditional music to city concerts and public programs. The holiday is also celebrated by Estonian communities abroad. In public safety terms, bonfire activities are subject to local regulations and environmental restrictions.

Name and terminology: Jaanipäev translates as John’s Day, reflecting the June 24 date of the feast of St. John. Jaaniõhtu refers to the eve, the main evening when the bonfires are lit.