jäätmepõletusjaamad

Jäätmepõletusjaamad, also known as waste-to-energy plants, are facilities that burn municipal solid waste to generate electricity and/or heat. The process involves a controlled combustion of waste materials in a furnace or boiler. The heat produced by the burning waste is used to create steam, which then drives a turbine connected to a generator. This generator produces electricity that can be fed into the power grid. In some cases, the heat can also be used directly for district heating systems.

These facilities are designed to handle a significant portion of a community's waste stream, diverting it from landfills. By incinerating waste, the volume of material requiring disposal is substantially reduced. Modern jäätmepõletusjaamad incorporate advanced emission control technologies to minimize the release of pollutants into the atmosphere, such as particulate matter, acid gases, and heavy metals. These systems often include filters, scrubbers, and catalytic converters.

The ash produced from the combustion process is typically a combination of bottom ash and fly ash. Bottom ash, which remains in the furnace, can sometimes be processed and reused in construction materials. Fly ash, collected from the flue gas, requires more careful management due to potentially higher concentrations of contaminants.

Jäätmepõletusjaamad play a role in integrated waste management strategies, complementing recycling and composting efforts. They contribute to energy recovery from waste and can reduce greenhouse gas emissions compared to landfilling by avoiding methane production. However, the siting and operation of these plants are often subjects of public discussion concerning their environmental impact and economic feasibility.