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Self-determination theory (SDT) is a macro theory of human motivation and personality that focuses on the universal psychological needs that foster intrinsic motivation and well-being. Developed by Edward Deci and Richard Ryan, SDT posits that humans have three innate psychological needs: autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Autonomy refers to the need to feel volitional and in control of one's own behaviors and goals. Competence involves the need to feel effective and capable in one's interactions with the environment. Relatedness is the need to feel connected to and cared for by others.

According to SDT, the satisfaction of these three needs is crucial for psychological growth, integrity, and well-being. When these needs are met, individuals are more likely to experience intrinsic motivation, engagement, and optimal functioning. Conversely, when these needs are thwarted, it can lead to diminished motivation, poorer performance, and psychological distress. SDT distinguishes between different types of motivation, ranging from amotivation (lack of intention) to extrinsic motivation (driven by external rewards or punishments) and intrinsic motivation (driven by inherent interest and enjoyment). The theory suggests that the internalization of extrinsic motivation is facilitated when the social environment supports autonomy, competence, and relatedness.

SDT has been applied across various domains, including education, work, sports, health care, and therapy, to understand and enhance motivation, performance, and well-being. It provides a framework for designing environments and interventions that foster people's inherent drive towards growth and psychological health.