isopropil

Isopropyl, often written as isopropyl and abbreviated i-Pr, is an alkyl substituent derived from propane. Its structural formula is -CH(CH3)2, meaning the attachment to a parent molecule occurs through the secondary carbon. The isopropyl group is one of the common secondary alkyl groups encountered in organic chemistry. In some languages, the term isopropil is used for the same group.

The isopropyl group appears widely in organic compounds. The best-known example is isopropyl alcohol, also called 2-propanol, with the formula C3H8O, used as a solvent, disinfectant, and cleaning agent. Isopropyl esters are another major class, such as isopropyl acetate and isopropyl myristate, which serve as solvents and cosmetic ingredients. The presence of the isopropyl moiety often affects a compound’s volatility, solubility, and reactivity.

Production and reactions: Industrially, isopropyl alcohol is mainly produced by catalytic hydration of propylene, typically using acid catalysts. An alternative route is the hydrogenation of acetone. Reactions involving isopropyl-containing substances include oxidation of the secondary alcohol to acetone, dehydration to propene under acidic conditions, and esterification to form various isopropyl esters.

Safety and handling: Compounds containing the isopropyl group are generally flammable liquids, and their vapors can form explosive mixtures with air. Exposure can irritate the eyes and skin or affect the nervous system. Proper storage, ventilation, and handling practices are important in workplaces that use isopropyl-containing chemicals.