isoniazidiin

Isoniazid is a primary medication used in the prevention and treatment of tuberculosis. It is an antibiotic that works by inhibiting the synthesis of mycolic acids, which are essential components of the mycobacterial cell wall. Isoniazid is typically administered orally, though intramuscular injections are also an option.

The effectiveness of isoniazid against tuberculosis was first demonstrated in the early 1950s. It is often used in combination with other anti-tuberculosis drugs, such as rifampicin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol, to prevent the development of drug resistance. A standard course of treatment for active tuberculosis typically lasts for six months or longer, depending on the severity and location of the infection. For preventive therapy in individuals exposed to tuberculosis, a shorter course of isoniazid may be prescribed.

Like all medications, isoniazid can have side effects. The most common adverse effects include peripheral neuropathy, which can manifest as numbness or tingling in the hands and feet, and hepatitis. To mitigate the risk of peripheral neuropathy, pyridoxine (vitamin B6) is often co-administered with isoniazid. Regular monitoring of liver function is recommended for individuals undergoing treatment with isoniazid, especially those with pre-existing liver conditions or who consume alcohol.

Isoniazid is a crucial tool in global public health efforts to control tuberculosis. Its accessibility and effectiveness have made it a cornerstone of tuberculosis treatment regimens worldwide. Continued research aims to optimize its use and address challenges related to drug resistance and side effect management.