isoleusiini

Isoleucine is one of the twenty standard amino acids that are used by living cells to synthesize proteins. It is classified as a nonpolar amino acid with an aliphatic side chain. Isoleucine is also an essential amino acid, meaning that humans and most other animals cannot synthesize it and must obtain it from their diet. Its chemical formula is C6H13NO2.

The side chain of isoleucine features a chiral center in addition to the alpha-carbon, resulting in four possible stereoisomers. However, only one of these, L-isoleucine, is commonly found in proteins. Isoleucine plays a crucial role in various metabolic processes. It is involved in energy production, muscle metabolism, and the regulation of blood sugar levels. Along with leucine and valine, isoleucine is a branched-chain amino acid (BCAA). These BCAAs are metabolized primarily in skeletal muscle and are important for muscle protein synthesis and repair.

Dietary sources rich in isoleucine include meat, poultry, fish, dairy products, eggs, nuts, and seeds. Deficiency in isoleucine can lead to symptoms such as fatigue, dizziness, and mood changes, although such deficiencies are rare in individuals consuming a balanced diet. Isoleucine is also used as a supplement, particularly by athletes, to support muscle growth and recovery.