isoktaaniin

Isoktaaniin, also known as 2,2,4-trimethylpentane, is a branched-chain alkane with the chemical formula C8H18. It is a colorless liquid at room temperature and is a key component of gasoline. Isoktaaniin is prized for its high octane rating, which indicates its resistance to knocking or premature detonation in an internal combustion engine. Its specific octane rating is defined as 100 on the octane scale, serving as a benchmark against which other fuels are compared.

The production of isoktaaniin primarily involves the catalytic alkylation of isobutane with isobutylene. This process is a crucial part of petroleum refining, aimed at producing high-octane gasoline blending components. Isoktaaniin has a relatively low freezing point and a high boiling point compared to its straight-chain isomer, n-octane. It is flammable and has a characteristic gasoline-like odor.

Beyond its use in gasoline, isoktaaniin can be used as a solvent in certain laboratory applications. Its chemical structure, with its highly branched nature, contributes to its stability and performance characteristics. The combustion of isoktaaniin, like other hydrocarbons, produces carbon dioxide and water. Environmental considerations related to its release into the atmosphere include its contribution to photochemical smog, although its volatility and specific atmospheric chemistry are factors in its overall environmental impact.