isokratisk

Isokratisk, or isocratic in English, is a political term that refers to a system of government in which sovereignty rests with all free citizens and each person has equal political power and influence. The word derives from the Greek isos, meaning equal, and kratos, meaning power.

In theory, isocracy envisions governance based on universal participation, with decision-making either by deliberation and consensus or by equal voting rights. Authority is not tied to birth, wealth, or status, and offices or powers are not permanently reserved for a particular class. The concept is often discussed as a form of radical or participatory democracy, emphasizing political equality and inclusive deliberation rather than representative rule alone.

Historical usage of the term occurs primarily in utopian and political philosophy, where authors contrast isocracy with oligarchy or various forms of representative government. It is typically treated as an ideal or theoretical standard rather than a widely implemented system.

Practical considerations of isocracy are a common focus of critique. Detractors argue that achieving genuine equality of political influence is difficult due to factors such as information asymmetries, coordination challenges, free-rider problems, and the potential for decision-making gridlock. Proponents counter that isocracy highlights essential commitments to equality and accountability, even if its realization may require innovative institutions and continuous citizen engagement.

See also: democracy, egalitarianism, participatory democracy, isocracy in political theory.