isohexanos

Isohexanes are a group of six-carbon alkanes that are branched, collectively known as the isohexanes. They are constitutional isomers of hexane (C6H14) and differ from n-hexane in the arrangement of carbon atoms rather than in the molecular formula. The most widely encountered isohexane is 2-methylpentane; other branched isomers include 3-methylpentane, 2,2-dimethylbutane, and 2,3-dimethylbutane. Together with n-hexane, these four branched isomers account for the five structural isomers of hexane.

Isohexanes are colorless liquids at room temperature and are nonpolar, with limited water solubility but good solubility in many organic solvents. They are less dense than water and, like other alkanes, are flammable. Boiling points vary with structure; more highly branched isomers generally have lower boiling points than the straight-chain n-hexane, reflecting weaker intermolecular attractions.

In industry, hexane isomers occur in petroleum fractions and are produced during refining by cracking, isomerization, and distillation. Isohexanes are used as solvents in coatings, adhesives, and cleaners, and they serve as components of gasoline blends to adjust volatility and performance.

Safety and handling: isohexanes are flammable liquids and vapors can form explosive mixtures with air. Exposure may cause dizziness or irritation; proper ventilation, storage away from ignition sources, and standard industrial hygiene practices are advised. Environmental considerations follow standard hydrocarbon guidelines; spills should be contained to prevent soil and water contamination.