ischemiás

Ischémia is a medical term derived from the Greek word "ischō," meaning to hold back or restrain. It refers to a condition where there is an inadequate blood supply to an organ or part of the body. This reduced blood flow, known as hypoperfusion, deprives the affected tissue of oxygen and nutrients essential for its survival and proper function.

The causes of ischemia can be varied. It often results from an obstruction within a blood vessel, such as a blood clot (thrombus or embolus) or a narrowing of the artery due to atherosclerosis, a buildup of plaque. External compression of a blood vessel can also lead to ischemia. The severity and duration of the reduced blood flow determine the extent of tissue damage. Prolonged or severe ischemia can lead to infarction, which is tissue death.

Symptoms of ischemia depend on the location and severity of the reduced blood flow. Common symptoms include pain, which is often a prominent sign as the body signals distress due to lack of oxygen. Other manifestations can include numbness, weakness, pallor (paleness) of the affected area, and a feeling of coldness. In cases affecting vital organs like the heart or brain, ischemia can lead to serious medical emergencies such as heart attack (myocardial infarction) or stroke (cerebrovascular accident). Diagnosis typically involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and imaging studies to assess blood flow and identify any blockages. Treatment aims to restore adequate blood flow as quickly as possible and address the underlying cause.