ioonide
Ioonid, in Estonian, translates to ions in English. They are atoms or molecules that carry a net electric charge due to loss or gain of electrons. The charge is positive in cations and negative in anions. Polyatomic ions are composed of several atoms with an overall charge, such as ammonium NH4+ or sulfate SO4^2-.
Ions form through ionization (removal of electrons) or reduction (gain of electrons) and can arise in chemical
Common examples include sodium ions Na+, potassium K+, calcium Ca2+, chloride Cl-, and carbonate CO3^2-. The balance
Applications include electrolytic processes such as electroplating and chlorine production; energy storage in batteries and supercapacitors;
Note: The term ioonide is the Estonian genitive plural form referring to ions.