iontype

Ion type is a broad term used across several scientific disciplines to categorize ions by their identity and charge. It refers to the specific ion species—the element or polyatomic group that carries the charge—and whether the ion bears a positive or negative net charge.

In chemistry, ion types are commonly divided into cations (positive charge) and anions (negative charge). They can be monatomic, such as Na+ or Cl−, or polyatomic, such as sulfate SO4^2− or nitrate NO3−. The magnitude of the charge and the size of the ion influence properties such as solubility, lattice energy, and chemical reactivity.

In mass spectrometry, ion type refers to the charge state and any adducts formed during ionization. Common examples include protonated ions [M+H]+ and deprotonated ions [M−H]−, as well as multiply charged species like [M+2H]2+. The ion type determines the observed m/z value and fragmentation behavior.

In biology and physiology, ion types include sodium, potassium, calcium, chloride and others that participate in signaling, osmoregulation, and the maintenance of membrane potential. The identity and charge of these ions influence transport across membranes and electrochemical gradients.

In materials science and electrochemistry, ion types correspond to the cations and anions in ionic solids and electrolytes. Their sizes, charges, and site preferences affect crystal structure, conductivity, and interfacial behavior. Concepts such as substitutional versus interstitial ions describe how ion types occupy lattice positions.

In data management and computational chemistry, IonType may appear as a field or label used to identify the specific ion species in a dataset, simulation input, or reporting workflow. Because usage varies by context, there is no single universal definition of ion type; the term is contextual.