iodins

Iodins is not a standard English term. It may appear as a misspelling or a direct translation from other languages. The element commonly referred to in English is iodine, with the symbol I and atomic number 53.

Iodine is a nonmetal halogen. It exists as a dark purple-black solid at room temperature and readily sublimes to a violet gas. In most compounds it forms diatomic molecules (I2) and combines with metals to make iodides. Its electrical conductivity is low, and it displays moderate reactivity typical of halogens.

Iodine occurs in trace amounts in seawater, rocks, and soil. Commercial sources include natural brines and iodide-bearing minerals; iodine is recovered and purified from these materials, as well as from seaweed and kelp where iodine concentrates. It is produced and refined for use in chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and nutrition.

Iodine is an essential micronutrient for humans and many animals, required for the synthesis of thyroid hormones T4 and T3. It is commonly added to table salt (iodized salt) to prevent goiter and iodine deficiency disorders. Medical and antiseptic uses include tincture of iodine; radioactive isotopes such as I-131 are used in diagnosis and treatment of thyroid conditions.

Iodine has one stable isotope, I-127, and several radioisotopes, including I-129 and I-131, used in research and medicine. Handling requires appropriate safety measures because ingestion or exposure in excess can disrupt thyroid function and pose health risks.

Discovered in 1811 by Bernard Courtois, iodine takes its name from Greek iodes, meaning violet.