inzulint

Inzulin is a peptide hormone produced by the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas. Its primary role is to regulate carbohydrate metabolism, particularly by lowering blood glucose levels. Inzulin facilitates the uptake of glucose from the bloodstream into cells, such as liver, fat, and muscle cells, where it can be stored as glycogen or used for energy. It also inhibits the liver's production of glucose.

The release of inzulin is stimulated by high blood glucose levels, typically after a meal. Conversely, when blood glucose levels fall, inzulin secretion decreases. This intricate feedback mechanism is crucial for maintaining glucose homeostasis. Dysregulation of inzulin production or action is the hallmark of diabetes mellitus. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition where the body's immune system destroys the beta cells, leading to an absolute deficiency of inzulin. Type 2 diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance, where the body's cells do not respond effectively to inzulin, often accompanied by a relative deficiency in inzulin secretion over time.

Therapeutic inzulin, often referred to as insulin therapy, is a vital treatment for individuals with diabetes. It is typically administered via injection and is available in various formulations with different onset and duration of action, allowing for personalized treatment regimens. The development of recombinant DNA technology has enabled the large-scale production of human inzulin and its analogues for medical use.