interleukiin1

Interleukin-1, often abbreviated as IL-1, is a group of naturally occurring cytokines that play a crucial role in the immune system. These proteins are involved in regulating inflammatory responses and are produced by various cells, including macrophages, monocytes, and dendritic cells, in response to infection or injury. IL-1 exists in several forms, with the most well-studied being IL-1 alpha (IL-1α) and IL-1 beta (IL-1β). These two isoforms share significant biological activity and bind to the same receptor, the IL-1 receptor type I (IL-1RI).

The primary functions of IL-1 are to promote inflammation, fever, and the activation of immune cells. It acts as a potent mediator of the acute phase response, stimulating the liver to produce acute phase proteins that help fight infection. IL-1 also contributes to the recruitment of leukocytes to sites of inflammation and can induce the production of other pro-inflammatory cytokines. Beyond its role in immunity, IL-1 is also involved in tissue repair and regeneration, as well as processes like bone metabolism and the development of T lymphocytes. Dysregulation of IL-1 signaling has been implicated in a variety of inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and cardiovascular disease. Consequently, IL-1 and its signaling pathways are targets for therapeutic intervention in these conditions.