integraasipiiri

Integraasipiiri, often translated as integration circuit or integrated circuit (IC), is a miniaturized electronic circuit consisting of a small semiconductor chip, typically silicon, on which a large number of interconnected components such as transistors, resistors, and capacitors are fabricated. These components are interconnected to perform a specific electronic function. The invention of the integrated circuit by Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce in the late 1950s revolutionized electronics by enabling the creation of smaller, more complex, and more reliable devices.

The manufacturing process of an integrated circuit involves photolithography, where intricate patterns are etched onto the silicon wafer. This allows for the creation of millions or even billions of transistors on a single chip, leading to unprecedented processing power and functionality in devices ranging from smartphones and computers to appliances and automobiles. Integrated circuits are the fundamental building blocks of modern electronic systems, underpinning the digital age. They are categorized based on their complexity and function, with categories including microprocessors, memory chips, and application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs). The continuous advancement in IC technology, such as Moore's Law predicting the doubling of transistors on a chip every two years, drives innovation across all technological sectors.