insulinotropisk

Insulinotropic refers to a substance or factor that stimulates the secretion of insulin from the beta cells of the pancreas. These substances are also known as incretins. Insulinotropic agents play a crucial role in regulating blood glucose levels by increasing insulin release in response to elevated glucose, thereby promoting glucose uptake by peripheral tissues and reducing hepatic glucose production.

The primary insulinotropic hormones are glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). These hormones are released from the enteroendocrine cells of the small intestine in response to nutrient ingestion, particularly carbohydrates and fats. Their actions are glucose-dependent, meaning they stimulate insulin secretion primarily when blood glucose levels are high, which minimizes the risk of hypoglycemia.

In addition to GLP-1 and GIP, other factors can exhibit insulinotropic effects. Certain amino acids, fatty acids, and vagal nerve stimulation can also enhance insulin secretion. The therapeutic potential of insulinotropic agents is significant, particularly in the management of type 2 diabetes. Drugs that mimic or enhance the action of incretins, such as GLP-1 receptor agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, are widely used to improve glycemic control in diabetic patients. These medications leverage the natural insulinotropic mechanisms of the body to effectively lower blood sugar.