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The instrumental case, often referred to as the instrumental form, is a grammatical case used in many languages to indicate the means or instrument by which an action is performed. It is one of the six cases in the traditional Latin grammatical system, and it is also found in various forms in other languages, including Slavic, Baltic, and some Uralic languages.

In German, for example, the instrumental case is used to express the means or instrument of an action. It is formed by adding the suffix "-mit" to the noun. For instance, "mit dem Hammer" (with the hammer) indicates the instrument used in an action.

In Russian, the instrumental case is used to express the means, manner, or cause of an action. It is formed by adding the suffix "-om" or "-em" to the noun. For example, "ruchkoj" (with the hand) indicates the means by which an action is performed.

The instrumental case is often used in conjunction with verbs that express actions or states, and it can provide additional information about how, with what, or by whom an action is performed. It is a versatile case that adds depth and specificity to sentences, making it an important tool in the grammar of many languages.