innsnevringer

Innsnevringer is a medical term for abnormal narrowing of a hollow organ or passage within the body. The condition can affect various luminal structures, including blood vessels, airways, bile ducts, the urinary tract, and segments of the gastrointestinal tract. Innsnevringer arise from structural changes in the wall or surrounding tissue, leading to reduced diameter of the channel.

Causes are diverse and can be congenital or acquired. Common mechanisms include fibrosis after injury or inflammation, atherosclerotic plaque buildup in arteries, scarring from prior infections or surgeries, tumor growth, or external compression by adjacent tissues. The clinical impact depends on the affected site and the degree of narrowing.

Typical sites and examples include vascular stenosis (such as renal artery stenosis or carotid stenosis), cardiac valvular stenosis (for example aortic or mitral stenosis), airway stenosis (tracheal or bronchial), and stenosis of ducts or segments within the digestive or urinary systems. Symptoms reflect the site of narrowing: reduced blood flow causing claudication or organ ischemia; heart-block or reduced cardiac output in valvular cases; dyspnea or wheeze with airway stenosis; nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, or hydronephrosis with gastrointestinal or urinary tract stenoses.

Diagnosis relies on imaging and functional assessment. Tools include ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), angiography, endoscopy, spirometry for airways, and urography for urinary tract involvement.

Treatment is tailored to location and severity and may involve endovascular dilation with balloons and stents, surgical reconstruction, or correction of the underlying cause. Prognosis varies widely depending on the organ involved and response to intervention.