inmunohistoquímicas

Inmunohistoquímica, often abbreviated as IHC, is a laboratory technique used to identify the presence and location of specific antigens in tissue samples. It relies on the principle of antigen-antibody binding. Primary antibodies, which are designed to recognize and bind to a particular antigen of interest, are applied to a tissue section. These primary antibodies are then typically detected by secondary antibodies that are conjugated to an enzyme or a fluorescent marker. When the secondary antibody binds to the primary antibody, the enzyme converts a substrate into a colored precipitate, or the fluorescent marker emits light, making the location of the antigen visible under a microscope. This allows researchers and pathologists to visualize the distribution of specific proteins within cells and tissues. IHC is widely used in various fields, including cancer diagnosis and research, infectious disease detection, and neurological studies. It aids in classifying tumors, determining prognosis, and guiding treatment decisions by providing detailed cellular and subcellular information about protein expression. The technique requires careful preparation of tissue samples and precise control of incubation and washing steps to ensure accurate and reliable results.